The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson
A digital edition of the Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Volume I – Nature, Addresses & Lectures
Nature
A subtle chain of countless ringsThe next unto the farthest brings;The eye reads omens where it...
Commodity
Whoever considers the final cause of the world, will discern a multitude of uses that result. The...
Beauty
A nobler want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty. The ancient Greeks called ...
Language
Language is a third use which Nature subserves to man. Nature is the vehicle, and threefold degre...
Discipline
In view of the significance of nature, we arrive at once at a new This use of the world includes ...
Idealism
Thus is the unspeakable but intelligible and practicable meaning of the world conveyed to man, th...
Spirit
It is essential to a true theory of nature and of man, that it should contain somewhat progressiv...
Prospects
In inquiries respecting the laws of the world and the frame of things, the highest reason is alwa...
The American Scholar
An Oration delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, at Cambridge, August 31, 1837 Mr. Presid...
Divinity School Address
Delivered before the Senior Class in Divinity College, Cambridge, Sunday Evening, July 15, 1838 ...
Literary Ethics
An Oration delivered before the Literary Societies of Dartmouth College, July 24, 1838 GENTLEMEN...
The Method of Nature
An Oration delivered before the Society of the Adelphi, in Waterville College, Maine, August 11, ...
Man the Reformer
A Lecture read before the Mechanics' Apprentices' Library Association, Boston, January 25, 1841 ...
Introductory Lecture on the Times
Read at the Masonic Temple, Boston, December 2, 1841 The times, as we say — or the present aspec...
The Conservative
A Lecture delivered at the Masonic Temple, Boston, December 9, 1841 The two parties which divide...
The Transcendentalist
A Lecture read at the Masonic Temple, Boston,January, 1842 The first thing we have to say respec...
The Young American
A Lecture read before the Mercantile Library Association, Boston, February 7, 1844 GENTLEMEN: I...
Volume II – Essays I
I. History
There is no great and no smallTo the Soul that maketh all:And where it cometh, all things are;A...
II. Self-Reliance
“Ne te quaesiveris extra.” “Man is his own star; and the soul that canRender an honest and...
III. Compensation
The wings of Time are black and white,Pied with morning and with night.Mountain tall and ocean ...
IV. Spiritual Laws
The living Heaven thy prayers respect,House at once and architect,Quarrying man’s rejected hour...
V. Love
“I was as a gem concealed;Me my burning ray revealed.”Koran Every promise of the soul has in...
VI. Friendship
A ruddy drop of manly bloodThe surging sea outweighs,The world uncertain comes and goes,The lov...
VII. Prudence
Theme no poet gladly sung,Fair to old and foul to young,Scorn not thou the love of parts,And th...
VIII. Heroism
“Paradise is under the shadow of swords.”Mahomet Ruby wine is drunk by knaves,Sugar spends to ...
IX. The Over-Soul
"But souls that of his own good life partake,He loves as his own self; dear as his eyeThey are ...
X. Circles
Nature centres into balls,And her proud ephemerals,Fast to surface and outside,Scan the profile...
XI. Intellect
Go, speed the stars of ThoughtOn to their shining goals; —The sower scatters broad his seed,The...
XII. Art
Give to barrows, trays, and pansGrace and glimmer of romance;Bring the moonlight into noonHid i...
Volume III – Essays II
I. The Poet
A moody child and wildly wisePursued the game with joyful eyes,Which chose, like meteors, their...
II. Experience
The lords of life, the lords of life,—I saw them pass,In their own guise,Like and unlike,Portly...
III. Character
The sun set; but set not his hope:Stars rose; his faith was earlier up:Fixed on the enormous ga...
IV. Manners
“How near to good is what is fair!Which we no sooner see,But with the lines and outward airOur ...
V. Gifts
Gifts of one who loved me, —‘T was high time they came;When he ceased to love me,Time they stop...
VI. Nature
The rounded world is fair to see,Nine times folded in mystery:Though baffled seers cannot impar...
VII. Politics
Gold and iron are goodTo buy iron and gold;All earth’s fleece and foodFor their like are sold.B...
VIII. Nominalist and Realist
In countless upward-striving wavesThe moon-drawn tide-wave strives;In thousand far-transplanted...
IX. New England Reformers
In the suburb, in the town,On the railway, in the square,Came a beam of goodness downDoubling d...
Volume IV – Representative Men
Uses of Great Men
It is natural to believe in great men. If the companions of our childhood should turn out to be h...
Plato; or, the Philosopher
Among secular books, Plato only is entitled to Omar’s fanatical compliment to the Koran, when he ...
Swedenborg; or, the Mystic
Among eminent persons, those who are most dear to men are not of the class which the economist ca...
Montaigne; or, the Skeptic
Every fact is related on one side to sensation, and on the other to morals. The game of thought i...
Shakspeare; or, the Poet
Great men are more distinguished by range and extent than by originality. If we require the origi...
Napoleon; or, the Man of the World
Among the eminent persons of the nineteenth century, Bonaparte is far the best known and the most...
Goethe; or, the Writer
I find a provision in the constitution of the world for the writer, or secretary, who is to repor...
Volume V – English Traits
Chapter I. First Visit to England
I have been twice in England. In 1833, on my return from a short tour in Sicily, Italy, and Franc...
Chapter II. Voyage to England
The occasion of my second visit to England was an invitation from some Mechanics’ Institutes in L...
Chapter III. Land
Alfieri thought Italy and England the only countries worth living in; the former, because there n...
Chapter IV. Race
An ingenious anatomist has written a book (*) to prove that races are imperishable, but nations a...
Chapter V. Ability
The saxon and the Northman are both Scandinavians. History does not allow us to fix the limits of...
Chapter VI. Manners
I find the Englishman to be him of all men who stands firmest in his shoes. They have in themselv...
Chapter VII. Truth
The teutonic tribes have a national singleness of heart, which contrasts with the Latin races. Th...
Chapter VIII. Character
The English race are reputed morose. I do not know that they have sadder brows than their neighbo...
Chapter IX. Cockayne
The English are a nation of humorists. Individual right is pushed to the uttermost bound compatib...
Chapter X. Wealth
There is no country in which so absolute a homage is paid to wealth. In America, there is a touch...
Chapter XI. Aristocracy
The feudal character of the English state, now that it is getting obsolete, glares a little, in c...
Chapter XII. Universities
Of British universities, Cambridge has the most illustrious names on its list. At the present day...
Chapter XIII. Religion
No people, at the present day, can be explained by their national religion. They do not feel resp...
Chapter XIV. Literature
A strong common sense, which it is not easy to unseat or disturb, marks the English mind for a th...
Chapter XV. The “Times”
The power of the newspaper is familiar in America, and in accordance with our political system. I...
Chapter XVI. Stonehenge
It had been agreed between my friend Mr. Carlyle and me, that before I left England, we should ma...
Chapter XVII. Personal
In these comments on an old journey now revised after seven busy yearse much changed men and thin...
Chapter XVIII. Result
England is the best of actual nations. It is no ideal framework, it is an old pile built in diffe...
Chapter XIX. Speech at Manchester
A few days after my arrival at Manchester, in November, 1847, the Manchester Athenaeum gave its a...
Volume VI – Conduct of Life
I. Fate
Delicate omens traced in airTo the lone bard true witness bare;Birds with auguries on their win...
II. Power
His tongue was framed to music,And his hand was armed with skill,His face was the mould of beau...
III. Wealth
Who shall tell what did befall,Far away in time, when once,Over the lifeless ball,Hung idle sta...
IV. Culture
Can rules or tutors educateThe semigod whom we await?He must be musical,Tremulous, impressional...
IX. Illusions
Flow, flow the waves hated,Accursed, adored,The waves of mutation:No anchorage is.Sleep is not,...
V. Behavior
Grace, Beauty, and CapriceBuild this golden portal;Graceful women, chosen menDazzle every morta...
VI. Worship
This is he, who, felled by foes,Sprung harmless up, refreshed by blows:He to captivity was sold...
VII. Considerations by the Way
Hear what British Merlin sung,Of keenest eye and truest tongue.Say not, the chiefs who first ar...
VIII. Beauty
Was never form and never faceSo sweet to SEYD as only graceWhich did not slumber like a stoneBu...
Volume VII – Society and Solitude
Chapter I. Society and Solitude
Seyd melted the days like cups of pearl,Served high and low, the lord and churl,Loved harebells...
Chapter II. Civilization
We flee away from cities, but we bringThe best of cities with us, these learned classifiers, Me...
Chapter III. Art
I framed his tongue to music,I armed his hand with skill, I moulded his face to beautyAnd his ...
Chapter IV. Eloquence
For whom the Muses smile upon, And touch with soft persuasion,His words, like a storm-wind, can...
Chapter V. Domestic Life
I reached the middle of the mountUp which the incarnate soul must climb, And paused for them, a...
Chapter VI. Farming
To these menThe landscape is an armory of powers,Which, one by one, they know to draw and use. ...
Chapter VII. Works and Days
Daughters of Time, the hypocritic Days,Muffled and dumb like barefoot dervishes,And marching si...
Chapter VIII. Books
O day of days when we can read!The reader and the book, – either without the other is naught.Th...
Chapter IX. Clubs
Yet Saadi loved the race of men, – No churl, immured in cave or den; In bower and hallHe wants ...
Chapter X. Courage
So nigh is grandeur to our dust,So near is God to man,When Duty whispers low, Thou must, The yo...
Chapter XI. Success
One thing is forever good;That one thing is Success,—Dear to the Eumenides,And to all the heave...
Chapter XII. Old Age
'Once more,' the old man cried,ye clouds,Airy turrets purple-piled,Which once my infancy beguil...
Volume VIII – Letters and Social Aims
Prefaces
Preface to the Centenary Edition A year ago Mr. James Elliot Cabot died, a good citizen of the R...
I. Poetry and Imagination
But over all his crowning grace,Wherefor thanks God his daily praise,Is the purging of his eyeT...
II. Social Aims
When the old world is sterileAnd the ages are effete,He will from wrecks and sedimentThe fairer...
III. Eloquence
He, when the rising storm of party roared,Brought his great forehead to the council board,There...
IV. Resources
Go where he will, the wise man is at home,His hearth the earth,—his hall the azure dome;Where h...
V. The Comic
“The glory, jest and riddle of the world.”POPE. “And if I laugh at any mortal thing’T is t...
VI. Quotation and Originality
Old and new put their stamp to everything in Nature. The snowflake that is now falling is marke...
VII. Progress of Culture
Address Read before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Cambridge, July 18, 1867. Nature spokeTo eac...
VIII. Persian Poetry
To Baron von Hammer Purgstall, who died in Vienna in 1856, we owe our best knowledge of the Persi...
IX. Inspiration
It was Watt who told King George III. that he dealt in an article of which kings were said to be ...
X. Greatness
There is a prize which we are all aiming at, and the more power and goodness we have, so much mor...
XI. Immortality
Wilt thou not ope thy heart to knowWhat rainbows teach, and sunsets show?Verdict which accumula...